Treatment effects of Ginger rhizome and extract of carrot seed on diabetic nephropathy in rat

Antioxidants have essential effect on tissue regeneration after cells injury. Enhanced oxidative stress and changes in antioxidant capacity are considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic diabetes mellitus. Ginger rhizome and carrot seed are strong antioxidants and long-term treatment of Streptozotocin induced-diabetic animals with these herbs, has been shown to reduce oxidative stress. Evaluation to treatment effect of Ginger rhizome and extract of carrot seed on nephropathy after diabetes inducement. Methods: Wistar male rat [n=70] were allocated into seven groups, control group, carrot seed extract group, ginger group, control- Diabetic group received 55mg/kg [IP] streptozotocin [STZ], treatment diabetic group that received carrot seed extract, treatment diabetic group that received ginger and treatment diabetic group that received carrot seed extract plus ginger. Animals were kept in standard condition. In 30 day after inducing diabetes, 5ml blood were collected for analyzing of TAC and MDA levels, and kidney tissues of Rats were removed in all groups then prepared for analysis. Pathological changes in diabetic group which received carrot seed and ginger together was decreased compared to control group. The rate of serum TAC significantly increased in diabetic groups which received carrot seed and ginger together significantly in comparison to control-diabetic group [p<0.05]. Since in our study 25 mg/kg carrot seed extract and 100 mg/kg ginger have prevented kidney tissue injury by reducing level of Reactive Oxygen Species [ROS] in serum, so it seems that using it can be effective for treatment nephropathy in Diabetic rats

Zingiber officinale protective effects on gentamicin's toxicity on sperm in rats

Ginger rhizome [Zingiber officinale R., family: Zingiberaceae] is used medicinally and as a culinary spice and has anti-oxidant and cell-protective effects in animals and humans body. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of ginger rhizome toxicity of gentamicin on sperm parameters in male rats. Forty Wistar male rat [n=40] were allocated into four groups, control [n=10] and test groups [n=30], that subdivided into groups of 3 that received ginger rhizome powder [100 mg/kg/day], gentamicin group that received, 5 mg/kg/day and ginger group that received, 5 mg/kg/day gentamicin additionally, for 30 consequence day. Animals were kept in standard conditions. In thirty day the testes tissue of rats in whole groups were collected. Ginger administration caused a marked increase in the testosterone concentrations of the rats even in spite of receiving 5 mg/kg/day gentamicin in compared with the control and gentamicin treated groups. Ginger rhizome is able to overcome reproductive toxicity of gentamicin and induces spermatogenesis probably mainly through the elevation of testosterone levels

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Lead is one of the world wide using metals which have been used since ancient time. It is also a toxin, it has adverse effects on the body even at low level of exposure and it induces a broad range of physiological, biochemical, and behavioral dysfunctions. Studies have been showed that this metal has harmful effects on several tissues such as: nervous system, blood tissues, and cardiovascular system, reproductive and urinary system. Survey the effect of Lead acetate on hepatic tissues in light and Electron microscope. White male rabbits of New Zealand race were used and divided into two groups. Experimental groups [N =10] 6.5 mg/Kg of lead acetate were injected intra peritoneal and control group [N=10] were injected only with demonized water every day to each animal for 7 weeks. After taking biopsy from hepatic tissues of each group, tissue preparation was performed for LM and EM studies as standard method. Quantitave and qualitative [morphometeric and morphologic] studies were carried out on electro micrographs. Data was compared using statistically methods. Morphological and morphometerical findings showed the vacuolated of mitochondria of hepatocyte, degeneration of rough endoplasmic reticulum, heterochromatin of nuclei and reduce in lobular diameter in experimental group as compare with control group [P

[Effects of electromagnetic fields on seminal vesicle in rat]

In industrial world, almost everyone is unavoidably exposed to ambient electromagnetic fields [EMF] generated from various technical and household appliances. One of the critical issues is the possibility of adverse effect of EMF on male reproductive system including the testes and accessory glands. To examine weather the EMF can adversely affect the seminal vesicle tissue. This was an experimental study in which two groups [case and control] of 15 members were investigated. The members of case group were exposed to 50 Hz non-ionizing radiation during the postnatal life for 2 months. The control group was kept in a similar situation but without exposure to EMF. Microscopic observations demonstrated that the smooth muscle fibers in capsule of tubulosecular glands were spread out in different layers and directions. Their nuclei showed signs of heterochromatinism. The number of heterochromatinized epithelial cells per microscopic field was 1.127 +/- 0.46 for the case group while it was 0.60 +/- 0.74 for the control group [p<0.01]. Epithelial secretary cells also showed cell damages. Our findings suggest that EMF exposure may cause profound changes on seminal vesicle. Therefore, exposure to EMF may result in pathological changes leading to subfertility and infertility

[Survey the effects of ciprofloxacin on rat testis tissue considering electron microscopy]

Introduction: Ciprofloxacin is a synthetic antibacterial agent belonging to the family of Fluoroquinolones with a very broad spectrum against of microbial pathogens, especially Gram-negative infectious diseases, that has been approved in more than 100 countries world-wide

Objective: The aim of this study was planed to see determine the histopathological effects of ciprofloxacin after inducement, in rat testis

Materials and Methods: The twenty male wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into two groups control [n=10] and test [n=10]. The test group was received 12.5mg/kg [PO] ciprofloxacin daily for sixty day however the control group just received plate. In sixtieth day the testis tissue of rats in both groups were removed and prepared for electron microscopy

Results: Electron microscopic studies of testis tissue slices of test group showed many changes such as: nuclei of spermatocyt I and sertoli cells and myoid were hyperchromatined. The Mitochondria of spermatogonia and spermatocyts cells in test group were vacuolated when as compared with control group. Thickness of spermatid tail in test group was increased when as compared with control group

Conclusion: There was a marked decrease in fertility index, testicular weight in experimental group as compared with control group. Since in our study ciprofloxacin had side effects on testis tissue in rat. It was suggested that using ciprofloxacin can decreasing fertility rate in human